Learning curves for urological procedures: a systematic review. The development of the Distributed Simulator offers a validated and low-cost method of introducing full-immersion simulation into robotic surgery curricula and is an option that requires further investigation for its effectiveness in urology. Surgeons performing robotic surgery need to develop the non-technical aspects alongside their technical skills, and full-immersion simulation certainly has a role to play in this and needs to be integrated within the curricula. It has been shown that integration of full-immersion simulation in simulation training is feasible and effective. For the more experienced surgeon, at the later stages of a curriculum, full crisis simulation can help develop decision-making and team-working skills in difficult situations. Full-immersion simulation ( Fig. 1) offers the opportunity for training surgeons to develop critical skills such as communication, coordination and leadership. The next step for these curricula is for them to be fully validated and implemented, with the patient outcomes then being analysed.Īnother aspect worth considering is the integration of non-technical skills within these curricula which has occurred in few of them. A multinational push to implement a standardized curriculum set out a multi-step curriculum which uses various techniques, including online theoretical training, simulation and observation and finally fellowship prior to certification, then allowing the surgeon to perform independent surgery. One of the biggest initiatives in urology, however, was recently announced by the European Association of Robotic Urology Section Congress 2013. The Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery curriculum has also recently been laid out, but this is still in the process of validation. The Fundamental Skills of Robotic Surgery is a simulation-based curriculum which has been validated and has a proven educational impact. Steps have been taken to set out an effective curriculum similar to that which exists for laparoscopic surgery. With several simulators now having been validated for robotic surgery, integration of these within a structured robotic surgery curriculum is required. The present study provides validated dry lab exercises which could be incorporated into a robotic surgery training curriculum.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |